Choosing the Best Turkey Gun: 12 Gauge vs. 20 Gauge vs. .410 Gauge
Turkey hunting requires precision, patience, and the right shotgun. With advancements in shotshell technology, hunters today have more options than ever before, and choosing between a 12 gauge, 20 gauge, and .410 bore can be a tough decision. Each has its strengths and trade-offs, depending on hunting style, range, and personal preference.
12 Gauge: The Powerhouse
The 12-gauge shotgun has long been the go-to choice for turkey hunters. It offers the most power, the widest range of ammo options, and the ability to shoot heavier payloads, making it effective at longer distances.
Pros:
✔ Maximum knockdown power
✔ Wide selection of turkey loads, including heavy shot options
✔ Effective range up to 50-60 yards with modern loads
Cons:
❌ Heavier recoil, especially with magnum loads
❌ Shotguns tend to be bulkier, which can be an issue in tight hunting spots
❌ Can be overkill for some hunters, especially younger or smaller-framed shooters
20 Gauge: The Perfect Middle Ground
The 20-gauge has gained popularity in turkey hunting, especially with the rise of Tungsten Super Shot (TSS) loads. It offers a balance between power and recoil, making it a great option for hunters looking for a lighter gun without sacrificing performance.
Pros:
✔ Lighter weight, making it easier to carry and maneuver
✔ Reduced recoil compared to a 12-gauge
✔ Effective range of 40-50 yards with TSS loads
Cons:
❌ Less shot capacity compared to 12-gauge
❌ Requires premium loads like TSS to maximize effectiveness
.410 Bore: The Compact Option
Once considered too light for turkeys, the .410 bore has seen a resurgence thanks to TSS ammunition. While it has the least amount of shot, TSS provides enough density and penetration to ethically take down a turkey at surprising distances.
Pros:
✔ Extremely lightweight and easy to carry
✔ Very low recoil—ideal for youth, new hunters, and those sensitive to recoil
✔ Capable of taking turkeys out to 40 yards with TSS loads
Cons:
❌ Requires precise shot placement due to a smaller shot payload
❌ Limited ammo availability, especially in turkey-specific loads
❌ Not ideal for windy conditions or marginal shots
Which One is Best?
The best turkey gun depends on the hunter. If you want raw power and versatility, go with a 12-gauge. If you prefer a balance of power and mobility, the 20-gauge is an excellent choice. For those looking for an ultralight option with minimal recoil, the .410 bore is surprisingly effective with TSS loads.
No matter which gauge you choose,
proper patterning, shot placement, and patience will be key to success in the turkey woods.
Scott Hart - The Tool Store